Compounds

Inhibits nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT)

AMPK Activation

Stimulates lipolysis

Reduces inflammation

Alpha-glucosidase inhibition; post-prandial glucose

Upregulates BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) expression in hippocampus and cortex

Induces apoptosis in blood vessels of white adipose tissue

Binds to V1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle to induce vasoconstriction

Promotes angiogenesis

AMPK activation

GHRH receptor agonist

Binds to GHRH receptors on anterior pituitary somatotroph cells, stimulating growth hormone synthesis and secretion

Amylin receptor agonist

Stimulates cardiomyocyte regeneration and mitochondrial recovery

Stimulates fibroblast activity, increasing collagen and proteoglycan synthesis

Antagonizes GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland

Stimulates neurogenesis and axonal growth

Modulates expression of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and NGF

Mast-cell membrane stabilization

Normalizes thymus-derived peptide signaling pathways

Modulates delta sleep EEG activity via hypothalamic pathways

Activates hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling to enhance neurogenesis

Non-hormonal precision peptide targeting endo lesions (pipeline)

Selectively targets mitochondria, stabilizing cardiolipin to enhance electron transport chain efficiency

SGLT2 inhibition; cardio-renal protection

Synthetic pineal tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) that upregulates hTERT/telomerase to elongate telomeres in normal somatic cells and epigenetically modulates neurogenic gene expression and circadian melatonin signaling.

Estrogen receptor agonism

Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion

Binds neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs)

Disrupts interaction between FOXO4 and p53, a protective axis in senescent cells

NK3R antagonism (thermoregulatory)

Binds to and inhibits myostatin (GDF-8)

Derived from the C-terminal region (176-191) of human growth hormone (hGH)

Inhibits GDF-8 (myostatin) signaling pathway

GHK is an endogenous copper-binding tripeptide that acts as a gene-expression modulator, up- and down-regulating thousands of human genes to stimulate fibroblast collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, tissue remodeling, and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways.

Chelates copper ions to form a biologically active GHK-Cu complex

Binds to ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) on pituitary somatotrophs

Activates ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a)

Acts as a GnRH receptor agonist on the anterior pituitary

Mimics luteinizing hormone (LH) through binding to LH receptors on Leydig cells

Binds to ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a)

Binds to IGFBP-3, preventing neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress-induced cell death

Binds to IGF-1 receptors with higher affinity than native IGF-1

Binds to IGF-1 receptors to stimulate cellular proliferation and protein synthesis

Insulin second-messenger support

Selective GHRP receptor agonist

Inhibition of NF-kB activation, blocking inflammatory cascade

Mast-cell stabilization + H1 antagonism

Activates KISS1 receptors in the hypothalamus, stimulating GnRH release and increasing LH (Luteinizing Hormone) & FSH (F

Disrupts microbial membranes via pore formation

Zonulin antagonist; tight-junction integrity

Thyroid hormone replacement (T4)

Regulates gene expression in thymic and immune-related tissues

Transient opioid blockade → endorphin rebound; TLR4/microglial modulation

Splice variant of IGF-1 activated by mechanical stress

Acts as a ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist

Regulates nuclear gene expression, promoting cellular homeostasis.

GLP-1 receptor agonism

Binds to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes

Non-selectively binds to melanocortin receptors (MC1R, MC3R, MC4R)

AMPK activation; reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis

Progesterone receptor agonism; GABAergic sleep metabolite

Upregulates telomerase gene (TERT) expression and telomere stabilization

Modulates GABAergic neurotransmission via gene expression and receptor sensitivity

Serves as a coenzyme in redox reactions facilitating ATP production

Binds to orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) and orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) in the brain

Normalizes gene expression in liver cells

Binds to oxytocin receptors (OXTR) in the uterus and brain

Tumor-specific internalization through CXCR4 receptor targeting

Activates PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 receptors in the CNS

Enhances extracellular matrix (ECM) activity by stimulating fibroblasts

A shortened 7-amino-acid (GVSWGLR) spadin analog that acts as a highly selective, potent TREK-1 potassium-channel blocker, producing fast-acting antidepressant-like effects and hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents.

PEGylation extends duration of action by reducing renal clearance

Activates melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in the central nervous system

Crosses the blood-brain barrier and enhances neural gene expression

mTORC1 inhibition; autophagy; geroscience

GLP-1 receptor agonism (enhances insulin secretion, delays gastric emptying, reduces appetite)

A synthetic small-molecule pan-agonist of the estrogen-related receptors (ERRα/β/γ) that transcriptionally activates an acute-exercise metabolic gene program, boosting mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty-acid oxidation, and oxidative muscle-fiber capacity without altering food intake.

Reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress

Selenoprotein cofactor; lowers thyroid autoantibodies

GLP-1 receptor agonism: enhances insulin secretion, delays gastric emptying, reduces appetite

Modulates neurotransmitter levels by increasing dopamine and serotonin availability

Binds to melanocortin 2 receptors (MC2R) on adrenal cortex cells

Stimulates release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary

Melanocortin 4 receptor agonist

Inhibits SNARE complex assembly, reducing neurotransmitter release

Androgen receptor + aldosterone antagonism

Dual agonist for GLP-1 and glucagon receptors

Promotes cell migration

PDE5 inhibition → vasodilation

Stimulates the pituitary gland to increase growth hormone secretion, which in turn affects adipose tissue metabolism, pa

Serotonin reuptake inhibition

Modulates immune cell activity by enhancing T-cell differentiation and thymic function

Stimulates thymus-derived lymphocyte differentiation

Activates toll-like receptors TLR3/4/9 on dendritic cells and monocytes

Binds to G-actin, promoting cell migration and cytoskeletal remodeling

Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonism

Binds to VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors on immune, pulmonary, and neural tissues

Regulates gene expression of vascular wall endothelial cells

Melanocortin agonist; proinflammatory in human mast cells (MRGPRX2)